One reason for acute hypoxia and injury during smoking might be a severe mismatch of ventilation and perfusion of the lung. As the acute inflammatory response to smoke inhalation seems to be the underlying mechanism for chronic diseases of smokers, exploring the field of the acute pulmonary changes after exposure to cigarette smoke is highly relevant. The inhalation of smoke causes inflammation in the lung by inducing chemotaxis and activation of neutrophils and macrophages and induces oxidative stress. Apart from the long term effects of cigarette smoke, acute effects of the inhalation of cigarettes smoke may influence the course of lung pathology. However, the associated lung pathology of smoking is not only a risk in the development of lung diseases, but also widely recognized as a major risk factor associated with perioperative respiratory and cardiovascular complications. Besides being a major risk factor in the etiology of COPD and lung cancer, cigarette smoke is also a causative agent lung diseases characterized by bronchiolar and interstitial inflammation. Smoking is one of the world's leading health hazards.
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